Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide obtained from the action of a bacterium, Xanthomonas campestris. It is soluble in cold water and is used as a food additive under the code E415 for its thickening and gelling properties to modify the consistency of food.

Sodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid (E330), a natural acid found in most fruits. On an industrial scale, it is produced by cultivating a fungus (Aspergillus niger) in a sugary nutrient solution.

Amylase is a naturally occurring enzyme found in various organisms, including human saliva, the pancreas, and it can also be obtained from microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast.

Vitamin B8, also known as biotin, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Its chemical formula is C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₃S. It plays a crucial role in several biological functions, including the regulation of energy metabolism and the health of hair, skin, and nails.

Anhydrous dextrose does not contain water and is produced in crystalline or powder form. Dextrose, like fructose and glucose, is a monosaccharide also known as a simple sugar.

Monohydrate dextrose is another name for glucose, which is a monosaccharide sugar.

E1200-dextrose (Polydextrose) Thickening Additive, a polymer of glucose and sorbitol, is produced from glucose, sorbitol (E420), and citric acid (E330). In the human body, it behaves like dietary fiber.