Aluminum sulfate is used as a coagulation and flocculation agent. It is often employed in drinking water treatment to remove suspended particles and impurities.

Sulfuric acid, formerly known as oil of vitriol or fuming sulfuric acid, is a mineral acid whose strength is surpassed by only a few superacids. It is miscible with water in all proportions.

Calcium chloride is an inorganic salt, identified by the number E509, widely used in various industrial, medical, and food applications due to its chemical properties and effects on solubility and stabilization.

Calcium carbonate is composed of carbonate ions and calcium ions. This white substance has a molar mass of 100.1 g/mol. Calcium carbonate is the major compound found in limestones like chalk, but also in marble.