Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.

Sorbitol is a natural polyol with a sweetness level approximately half that of sucrose. Unlike monosaccharides, its structure does not contain any ketone or aldehyde functions. It is primarily used as a bulk sweetener to replace sucrose.

Acésulfame K is 150-200 times sweeter than sugar. Acésulfame K is a very stable crystalline sweetener, with a chemical structure similar to saccharin. Acésulfame K is commonly used in combination with aspartame or other sweeteners because it has a synergistic effect to enhance and maintain the sweet taste of foods and beverages.

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1965. It is a dipeptide composed of two natural amino acids, L-aspartic acid, and L-phenylalanine, the latter in the form of a methyl ester.

Cyclamate (or sodium cyclamate) is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1937 at the University of Illinois by a student named Michael Sveda.

Cyclamate is also known under the number E952.

Fumaric acid, or trans-butenedioic acid, is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula HOOC–CH=CH–COOH. It appears as a crystalline white powder that is odorless, combustible but weakly flammable, and slightly soluble in water.

Adipic Acid is naturally found in rhubarb and beets. It can also be produced synthetically for industrial use. It is a relatively mild acidifier, permitted in a very limited range of products.

Glucanases are enzymes that have the ability to break down glucans, which are polysaccharides composed of multiple glucose units linked together. These enzymes play a key role in breaking down the cell walls of plants, fungi, and bacteria.

E290 is the European food additive code for carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas that occurs naturally in the Earth\'s atmosphere.

Xylitol is a polyol sweetener, also known as birch sugar.

Gluconic acid is a widely distributed acid found in both animals and plants. It is most often incorporated into a larger molecule, as is the case in various gums.

Vitamin B9, also known as folic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin. Folic acid is the metabolic precursor to a coenzyme, tetrahydrofolate, involved notably in the synthesis of nucleic bases, purines, and pyrimidines, which constitute the nucleic acids of genetic material.

Calcium citrate (E333) is a calcium salt of citric acid, an organic acid naturally found in many citrus fruits.

Quinine HCl, also known as quinine hydrochloride, is a form of quinine salt, a natural alkaloid found in the bark of the cinchona tree (Cinchona).

Potassium tartrate is the potassium salt of tartaric acid, a natural substance found in grapes.