Maltodextrin (E1400) is a polysaccharide composed of several glucose units. It is derived from starch, typically from corn, potatoes, or rice.

Gum arabic is extracted from the acacia tree, primarily cultivated in Africa, the Middle East, and certain parts of Asia.
Its main function is to act as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier in foods and beverages. It is used to enhance the texture and viscosity of products.

E406 is the European food additive code for agar-agar. Agar-agar is a vegetarian and vegan-friendly substance extracted from certain types of red seaweed or algae. It is commonly used in the food industry for its gelling, thickening, and stabilizing proper.

E412, also known as guar gum, is a naturally-derived food additive widely used in the food industry.

As an excipient, cellulose powders are mainly used, often commercially referred to as "microcrystalline cellulose." It is a white powder, insoluble in water, but it disperses in water, forming a stable gel.

Carboxymethylcellulose or CMC is a gel of synthetic origin. It is a highly hygroscopic cellulose ether. It is often used in the form of its sodium salt, sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide obtained from the action of a bacterium, Xanthomonas campestris. It is soluble in cold water and is used as a food additive under the code E415 for its thickening and gelling properties to modify the consistency of food.

Emulsifiers are chemical compounds used to stabilize mixtures of substances that would otherwise tend to separate, such as oil and water. In the food and cosmetic industries, they play a crucial role in enabling the creation of stable emulsions, which is essential for many finished products.