Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.

Fumaric acid, or trans-butenedioic acid, is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula HOOC–CH=CH–COOH. It appears as a crystalline white powder that is odorless, combustible but weakly flammable, and slightly soluble in water.

Calcium ascorbate (E302) is a calcium salt of ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C.

Sodium ascorbate is a potent antioxidant; it is widely used in the food industry for food preservation.

An antioxidant added to foods, it imparts a sour taste to them. The most significant use of tartaric acid is as a beverage additive. It is also a raw material for the pharmaceutical industry.

Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. It contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits and is used as a food additive. Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), although only the L-isomer exists naturally. Malic acid is highly hygroscopic, soluble in water and ethanol. It has a special pleasant acidity.

Ascorbic Acid, or oxo-3-gulofuranolactone, is an organic acid with antioxidant properties. It is present in an enantiomerically pure form in lemons, fruit juices, and fresh vegetables.

Sodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid (E330), a natural acid found in most fruits. On an industrial scale, it is produced by cultivating a fungus (Aspergillus niger) in a sugary nutrient solution.