Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.

Sorbitol is a natural polyol with a sweetness level approximately half that of sucrose. Unlike monosaccharides, its structure does not contain any ketone or aldehyde functions. It is primarily used as a bulk sweetener to replace sucrose.

Fumaric acid, or trans-butenedioic acid, is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula HOOC–CH=CH–COOH. It appears as a crystalline white powder that is odorless, combustible but weakly flammable, and slightly soluble in water.

Cyclamate (or sodium cyclamate) is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1937 at the University of Illinois by a student named Michael Sveda.

Cyclamate is also known under the number E952.

Acésulfame K is 150-200 times sweeter than sugar. Acésulfame K is a very stable crystalline sweetener, with a chemical structure similar to saccharin. Acésulfame K is commonly used in combination with aspartame or other sweeteners because it has a synergistic effect to enhance and maintain the sweet taste of foods and beverages.

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1965. It is a dipeptide composed of two natural amino acids, L-aspartic acid, and L-phenylalanine, the latter in the form of a methyl ester.

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is an intense artificial sweetener (E959) with a high sweetness level (1,500-1,800 times the molar sweetness of sucrose).

Cocoa powder is a food product that is typically made from cocoa powder, sugar, and sometimes other ingredients such as powdered milk.

Modified starch (E1413) ,is often used in the food industry for its thickening, gelling, and stabilizing properties.

Sodium bisulfite (E222) is a food additive used as a preservative.

Calcium silicate is a food additive identified under the code E552 according to the international classification of food additives.

Gluconic acid is a widely distributed acid found in both animals and plants. It is most often incorporated into a larger molecule, as is the case in various gums.

Calcium sorbate is the calcium salt of sorbic acid. Calcium sorbate is a polyunsaturated fatty acid salt. It is a frequently used food preservative.

E306 corresponds to vitamin E of natural origin. It is a fat-soluble antioxidant. It mainly preserves fats, coloring materials and vitamins from alteration by oxygen.

E501 is a food additive that corresponds to potassium carbonate. Potassium carbonate is an inorganic chemical substance used in the food industry and other sectors.