Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.

Sorbitol is a natural polyol with a sweetness level approximately half that of sucrose. Unlike monosaccharides, its structure does not contain any ketone or aldehyde functions. It is primarily used as a bulk sweetener to replace sucrose.

Cyclamate (or sodium cyclamate) is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1937 at the University of Illinois by a student named Michael Sveda.

Cyclamate is also known under the number E952.

Acésulfame K is 150-200 times sweeter than sugar. Acésulfame K is a very stable crystalline sweetener, with a chemical structure similar to saccharin. Acésulfame K is commonly used in combination with aspartame or other sweeteners because it has a synergistic effect to enhance and maintain the sweet taste of foods and beverages.

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1965. It is a dipeptide composed of two natural amino acids, L-aspartic acid, and L-phenylalanine, the latter in the form of a methyl ester.

Fumaric acid, or trans-butenedioic acid, is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula HOOC–CH=CH–COOH. It appears as a crystalline white powder that is odorless, combustible but weakly flammable, and slightly soluble in water.

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is an intense artificial sweetener (E959) with a high sweetness level (1,500-1,800 times the molar sweetness of sucrose).

The term magnesium phosphate is the generic name for inorganic magnesium salts derived from phosphoric acid.

Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for the proper functioning of the human body.

E1204, also known as pullulan, is a food additive used in the food industry as a thickening and stabilizing agent.

Neroli is an essential oil extracted from the blossoms of the bitter orange tree (Citrus aurantium), also known as Seville orange or bitter orange.

E219 refers to sodium methylparaben, which is a sodium salt of methylparaben. Parabens are chemical compounds used as preservatives in various products, including cosmetics and some food items.

E575 refers to glucono delta-lactone (GDL), which is a food additive used primarily as an acidulant, sequestrant, and leavening agent. 

Ethylvanillin is an aromatic aldehyde close to vanillaldehyde in the presence of an additional carbon group. It is widely used for its vanilla smell in the perfume and flavor industry.

Calcium Lactate is the calcium salt of lactic acid (E270). Of natural origin, it serves as an antioxidant. Additionally, it functions as an acidity regulator, humectant, emulsifier, thickener, and firming agent. Its use is permitted in numerous food products.