Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.

Sorbitol is a natural polyol with a sweetness level approximately half that of sucrose. Unlike monosaccharides, its structure does not contain any ketone or aldehyde functions. It is primarily used as a bulk sweetener to replace sucrose.

Cyclamate (or sodium cyclamate) is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1937 at the University of Illinois by a student named Michael Sveda.

Cyclamate is also known under the number E952.

Acésulfame K is 150-200 times sweeter than sugar. Acésulfame K is a very stable crystalline sweetener, with a chemical structure similar to saccharin. Acésulfame K is commonly used in combination with aspartame or other sweeteners because it has a synergistic effect to enhance and maintain the sweet taste of foods and beverages.

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1965. It is a dipeptide composed of two natural amino acids, L-aspartic acid, and L-phenylalanine, the latter in the form of a methyl ester.

Fumaric acid, or trans-butenedioic acid, is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula HOOC–CH=CH–COOH. It appears as a crystalline white powder that is odorless, combustible but weakly flammable, and slightly soluble in water.

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is an intense artificial sweetener (E959) with a high sweetness level (1,500-1,800 times the molar sweetness of sucrose).

Sodium benzoate (E211) is a widely used food preservative in the food industry to extend the shelf life of products.

Beef gelatin is a protein obtained from the collagen in the connective tissues, bones, and skin of cattle. Gelatin is a common ingredient in the food industry and is widely used for its gelling, thickening, and stabilizing properties.

Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for the proper functioning of the human body.

E1204, also known as pullulan, is a food additive used in the food industry as a thickening and stabilizing agent.

Mineral salts are chemical elements which enter into the composition of organisms and which are present in animal and plant food. They occur in ionic form, like Ca²? for calcium and Cl– for chlorine. These are substances essential to the body.

E636 is the European food additive code for Maltol. Maltol is a naturally occurring organic compound with a sweet aroma. It is commonly used as a flavoring agent in the food industry.

Neroli is an essential oil extracted from the blossoms of the bitter orange tree (Citrus aurantium), also known as Seville orange or bitter orange.

Glucanases are enzymes that have the ability to break down glucans, which are polysaccharides composed of multiple glucose units linked together. These enzymes play a key role in breaking down the cell walls of plants, fungi, and bacteria.