Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.

Sorbitol is a natural polyol with a sweetness level approximately half that of sucrose. Unlike monosaccharides, its structure does not contain any ketone or aldehyde functions. It is primarily used as a bulk sweetener to replace sucrose.

Cyclamate (or sodium cyclamate) is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1937 at the University of Illinois by a student named Michael Sveda.

Cyclamate is also known under the number E952.

Acésulfame K is 150-200 times sweeter than sugar. Acésulfame K is a very stable crystalline sweetener, with a chemical structure similar to saccharin. Acésulfame K is commonly used in combination with aspartame or other sweeteners because it has a synergistic effect to enhance and maintain the sweet taste of foods and beverages.

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1965. It is a dipeptide composed of two natural amino acids, L-aspartic acid, and L-phenylalanine, the latter in the form of a methyl ester.

L-carnitine is a compound that contains a quaternary ammonium function, and it is biosynthesized from lysine and methionine. This molecule plays a role within the cell in transporting fatty acids from the cytosol to the mitochondria during the catabolism of lipids in energy metabolism.

Food additive E151, also known as Brilliant Black BN, is a black food coloring.

Maltase is an enzyme involved in carbohydrate degradation. Specifically, maltase catalyzes the conversion of maltose into glucose. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together.

Vitamin AD3 is a combination of fat-soluble vitamins, comprising Vitamin A and Vitamin D3. This combination is often used in various medical and agricultural applications due to its health benefits and essential role in metabolism.

Calcium is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It is an essential mineral for living organisms, including humans, and plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. 

Sodium benzoate (E211) is a widely used food preservative in the food industry to extend the shelf life of products.

Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is a water-soluble vitamin that is part of the B-complex. It plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism by helping to convert carbohydrates into usable energy. Thiamine is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, muscles, and heart.

 It refers to a flavoring or aromatic essence that is used to impart the taste and aroma of apricots to various food and beverage products.

Lactitol, identified by the number E966, is a polyol derived from lactose, the sugar present in milk. It is widely used as a sweetener and texturizing agent in various food and pharmaceutical products, providing an alternative to traditional sugars while imparting specific properties.

Dairy protein isolate is a form of protein derived from milk. It is produced by isolating proteins from whey (often called whey protein isolate) or casein.