Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.

Sorbitol is a natural polyol with a sweetness level approximately half that of sucrose. Unlike monosaccharides, its structure does not contain any ketone or aldehyde functions. It is primarily used as a bulk sweetener to replace sucrose.

Cyclamate (or sodium cyclamate) is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1937 at the University of Illinois by a student named Michael Sveda.

Cyclamate is also known under the number E952.

Acésulfame K is 150-200 times sweeter than sugar. Acésulfame K is a very stable crystalline sweetener, with a chemical structure similar to saccharin. Acésulfame K is commonly used in combination with aspartame or other sweeteners because it has a synergistic effect to enhance and maintain the sweet taste of foods and beverages.

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1965. It is a dipeptide composed of two natural amino acids, L-aspartic acid, and L-phenylalanine, the latter in the form of a methyl ester.

E219 refers to sodium methylparaben, which is a sodium salt of methylparaben. Parabens are chemical compounds used as preservatives in various products, including cosmetics and some food items.

Maltodextrin (E1400) is a polysaccharide composed of several glucose units. It is derived from starch, typically from corn, potatoes, or rice.

Maltase is an enzyme involved in carbohydrate degradation. Specifically, maltase catalyzes the conversion of maltose into glucose. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together.

Vitamin B9, also known as folic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin. Folic acid is the metabolic precursor to a coenzyme, tetrahydrofolate, involved notably in the synthesis of nucleic bases, purines, and pyrimidines, which constitute the nucleic acids of genetic material.

E466, also known as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, is a food additive used in the food industry, pharmaceuticals and other applications.

Sodium benzoate (E211) is a widely used food preservative in the food industry to extend the shelf life of products.

Gluconic acid is a widely distributed acid found in both animals and plants. It is most often incorporated into a larger molecule, as is the case in various gums.

Orange fiber refers to the dietary fiber derived from oranges. This type of fiber is obtained from the peel or pulp of oranges and is known for its potential health benefits. It contains a combination of soluble and insoluble fibers, contributing to overall digestive health.

Lactitol, identified by the number E966, is a polyol derived from lactose, the sugar present in milk. It is widely used as a sweetener and texturizing agent in various food and pharmaceutical products, providing an alternative to traditional sugars while imparting specific properties.

Vitamin E, often marketed under the name "Vitamin E 50," is a fat-soluble antioxidant essential for the human body. This specific form of vitamin E, with a concentration of 50%, is commonly used in various applications, including food, cosmetics, and health products.

Dairy protein isolate is a form of protein derived from milk. It is produced by isolating proteins from whey (often called whey protein isolate) or casein.