Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.

Sorbitol is a natural polyol with a sweetness level approximately half that of sucrose. Unlike monosaccharides, its structure does not contain any ketone or aldehyde functions. It is primarily used as a bulk sweetener to replace sucrose.

Cyclamate (or sodium cyclamate) is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1937 at the University of Illinois by a student named Michael Sveda.

Cyclamate is also known under the number E952.

Acésulfame K is 150-200 times sweeter than sugar. Acésulfame K is a very stable crystalline sweetener, with a chemical structure similar to saccharin. Acésulfame K is commonly used in combination with aspartame or other sweeteners because it has a synergistic effect to enhance and maintain the sweet taste of foods and beverages.

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1965. It is a dipeptide composed of two natural amino acids, L-aspartic acid, and L-phenylalanine, the latter in the form of a methyl ester.

Fumaric acid, or trans-butenedioic acid, is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula HOOC–CH=CH–COOH. It appears as a crystalline white powder that is odorless, combustible but weakly flammable, and slightly soluble in water.

Potassium orthophosphate is a potassium salt of orthophosphoric acid. It consists of potassium ions (K⁺) and phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻).

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is an intense artificial sweetener (E959) with a high sweetness level (1,500-1,800 times the molar sweetness of sucrose).

Calcium silicate is a food additive identified under the code E552 according to the international classification of food additives.

Phosphoric acid is a mineral triacid. The first function is that of a strong acid, the second that of a weak acid, and the third that of a very weak acid. The three bases formed are dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-), hydrogen phosphate (HPO4^2-), and orthophosphate (PO4^3-)

E1204, also known as pullulan, is a food additive used in the food industry as a thickening and stabilizing agent.

Gluconic acid is a widely distributed acid found in both animals and plants. It is most often incorporated into a larger molecule, as is the case in various gums.

E219 refers to sodium methylparaben, which is a sodium salt of methylparaben. Parabens are chemical compounds used as preservatives in various products, including cosmetics and some food items.

Erythritol is a natural sweetener that is part of the polyol family.

E427 is a food additive known as "Cassia gum." It is a natural thickening agent obtained from the endosperm of Senna obtusifolia (also known as Cassia obtusifolia or Cassia tora) seeds, which are native to India.