Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.

Sorbitol is a natural polyol with a sweetness level approximately half that of sucrose. Unlike monosaccharides, its structure does not contain any ketone or aldehyde functions. It is primarily used as a bulk sweetener to replace sucrose.

Cyclamate (or sodium cyclamate) is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1937 at the University of Illinois by a student named Michael Sveda.

Cyclamate is also known under the number E952.

Acésulfame K is 150-200 times sweeter than sugar. Acésulfame K is a very stable crystalline sweetener, with a chemical structure similar to saccharin. Acésulfame K is commonly used in combination with aspartame or other sweeteners because it has a synergistic effect to enhance and maintain the sweet taste of foods and beverages.

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1965. It is a dipeptide composed of two natural amino acids, L-aspartic acid, and L-phenylalanine, the latter in the form of a methyl ester.

Fumaric acid, or trans-butenedioic acid, is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula HOOC–CH=CH–COOH. It appears as a crystalline white powder that is odorless, combustible but weakly flammable, and slightly soluble in water.

E280 - Propionic Acid, is a food preservative widely used for its antifungal and antibacterial properties. It is commonly added to various food products to extend their shelf life and prevent the growth of undesirable molds and bacteria.

The term magnesium phosphate is the generic name for inorganic magnesium salts derived from phosphoric acid.

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is an intense artificial sweetener (E959) with a high sweetness level (1,500-1,800 times the molar sweetness of sucrose).

Beta-glucan is a polysaccharide, meaning a molecule composed of multiple glucose units. It is primarily found in the cell walls of certain organisms such as fungi, algae, oats, and barley. Beta-glucan has been studied for its various health benefits, particularly concerning the immune system and cardiovascular health.

Vitamin E, often marketed under the name "Vitamin E 50," is a fat-soluble antioxidant essential for the human body. This specific form of vitamin E, with a concentration of 50%, is commonly used in various applications, including food, cosmetics, and health products.

Calcium caseinate is one of several milk proteins derived from casein in skim and 1% milk. Calcium caseinate is mainly used in meal preparation and fat breakdown.

Sodium phosphate is mainly used as an antioxidant but it can also be used as an acidity regulator, emulsifier, humectant, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer or thickener.

Sodium propionate (E281) is a sodium salt of propionic acid, a carboxylic acid. It is used as a food additive in the food industry, primarily as a preservative agent to inhibit the growth of molds and yeasts, thereby extending the shelf life of food products.