E219 refers to sodium methylparaben, which is a sodium salt of methylparaben. Parabens are chemical compounds used as preservatives in various products, including cosmetics and some food items.

Sodium propionate (E281) is a sodium salt of propionic acid, a carboxylic acid. It is used as a food additive in the food industry, primarily as a preservative agent to inhibit the growth of molds and yeasts, thereby extending the shelf life of food products.

Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of lactic acid, which is an organic acid produced naturally in human metabolism.

Azorubine or carmoisine is a red food dye identified by the number E122. This nitrogenous compound is a disodium salt of hydroxy-1-2 naphthalenesulfonic-4 acid.

Polyphosphates are chemical compounds belonging to the polyphosphate family. They are used in various industrial applications, including the food industry.

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a food additive classified under the code E101.

Brown FK, or E154, is a blend of six synthetic azo dyes derived from naphthalene. 

Paprika oleoresin is an oil-soluble extract from the fruits of Capsicum annuum or Capsicum frutescens, primarily used as a coloring and/or flavoring agent in food products.

Gelatin is a protein obtained from animal collagen, typically derived from the skin and bones of cows or pigs. It is commonly used in the food industry as a gelling agent, stabilizer, thickener, and texture enhancer.

Tartrazine, also known by the code E102, is a synthetic coloring widely used in the food industry. 

E322, also known as lecithin, is a food additive that is often extracted from soy lecithin.

Sodium nitrate is used as a food additive (preservative) in certain meats (poultry or charcuterie). It should not be confused with sodium nitrite, also used for meat preservation, which bears the number E251.

Calcium ascorbate (E302) is a calcium salt of ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C.

Trehalose is a sugar, more precisely a non-reducing disaccharide. In contrast to sucrose, which is composed of a glucose molecule linked to a fructose molecule.

Annatto, also known as annatto, is a natural food coloring extracted from the seeds of the Bixa orellana tree, a tree native to tropical regions of South America.

E412, also known as guar gum, is a naturally-derived food additive widely used in the food industry.