Commercial pectin (often used to thicken jams and jellies) is extracted from dried apple pomace or dried peels of various fruits. This additive is used as a gelling agent, stabilizer, and coating agent.

Composed of 40% sugars, 35% starch, 7% proteins, and, to a lesser extent, tannins and minerals such as calcium and magnesium.

Maltodextrin (E1400) is a polysaccharide composed of several glucose units. It is derived from starch, typically from corn, potatoes, or rice.