Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.

Sodium triphosphate, also known as sodium tripolyphosphate or tripolyphosphate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na5P3O10. It is the sodium salt of the polyphosphate penta-anion, which is the conjugate base of triphosphoric acid.

Propylene glycol, also known as 1,2-propanediol, is a chemical compound in the glycol class.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG), also known as MSG, is a sodium salt of glutamic acid. It is widely used as a flavor enhancer in the food industry to improve the flavor of foods.

Magnesium chloride is a chemical compound represented by the formula MgCl₂, indicating its chemical structure composed of magnesium (Mg) and two chloride ions (Cl). It is widely used in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and water treatment.

Sodium ferrocyanide, also known as tetrasodium hexacyanoferrate(II) or sodium yellow prussiate, is a complex salt with the formula Na4[Fe(CN)6], typically decahydrated. It exists in the form of pale yellow crystals that are soluble in water.

Calcium diglutamate, abbreviated as CDG, in English calcium diglutamate and also called calcium glutamate, is the calcium salt of glutamic acid.

Taurine is an amino acid present at various levels in the body, including the brain, muscles, and retina. It plays various roles and is particularly essential for the development of the nervous system. However, it is its use in energy drinks that has made it famous.

Glycerin or glycerol is an alcohol that appears in the form of a transparent, viscous, colorless, odorless, non-toxic liquid with a sweet taste.

Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. It contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits and is used as a food additive. Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), although only the L-isomer exists naturally. Malic acid is highly hygroscopic, soluble in water and ethanol. It has a special pleasant acidity.

Lactic acid is utilized in the food industry as an additive (E270) serving as an antioxidant, acidifier, or flavor enhancer. It also exists in the form of salts: sodium salt (E325), potassium salt (E326), and calcium salt (E327). These salts are in powder form and are water-soluble. Lactic acid acts as a bacteriostatic agent, particularly against pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella or Listeria, and also has a water activity-depressing effect.

Lactic acid is an organic compound, naturally forming in muscles during intense exercise to produce energy. It is also present in wine, dairy products, and certain vegetables after fermentation.

Fumaric acid, or trans-butenedioic acid, is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula HOOC–CH=CH–COOH. It appears as a crystalline white powder that is odorless, combustible but weakly flammable, and slightly soluble in water.

Anhydrous dextrose does not contain water and is produced in crystalline or powder form. Dextrose, like fructose and glucose, is a monosaccharide also known as a simple sugar.

Monohydrate dextrose is another name for glucose, which is a monosaccharide sugar.

E1200-dextrose (Polydextrose) Thickening Additive, a polymer of glucose and sorbitol, is produced from glucose, sorbitol (E420), and citric acid (E330). In the human body, it behaves like dietary fiber.

Fructose is a simple sugar naturally present in fruits and honey. It is also manufactured in the industry and available on the market as a sweetening agent.

Sorbitol is a natural polyol with a sweetness level approximately half that of sucrose. Unlike monosaccharides, its structure does not contain any ketone or aldehyde functions. It is primarily used as a bulk sweetener to replace sucrose.