Pyrophosphates are the anions, salts, and esters of pyrophosphoric acid. Pyrophosphates are composed of two condensed phosphate molecules. They are formed around a P-O-P acid anhydride bond. Esters are formed around a C–O–P bond.

Ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃) is an ammonium bicarbonate salt. It appears as a white powder. This food additive dissolves in water, making it alkaline (basic). Ammonium bicarbonate is also referred to as ammonium acid carbonate or ammonium hydrogen carbonate.

WPC, also known as Whey Protein Concentrate, is a concentrate of whey protein with a whey protein content ranging from 15% to 80%. ... WPC is typically produced using whey ultrafiltration, and protein concentration can be increased through the use of diafiltration.

Calcium caseinate is one of several milk proteins derived from casein in skim and 1% milk. Calcium caseinate is mainly used in meal preparation and fat breakdown.

Milk protein concentrates, called MPC or Milk Protein Concentrate, are skimmed milk concentrates whose protein content (caseins and serum proteins) on dry matter is greater than 42% and preferably greater than 75%

MPIs, or Milk Protein Isolates, are products derived from milk and are used as high-quality protein sources.