Astaxanthin is a natural carotenoid represented by the chemical formula C40H52O4. It is known for its potent antioxidant properties and is widely used in various applications, including the food industry, health, and cosmetics.

Canthaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment found in many natural organisms. It is represented by the chemical formula C40H52O2 and is widely used in various applications, including the food industry, cosmetics, and health, due to its coloring and antioxidant properties.

Citranaxanthin, identified by the code E161i, is a carotenoid pigment used as a food additive for its coloring properties. Although natural sources of citranaxanthin exist, this substance is primarily produced synthetically to meet industrial needs.

Lycopene is a carotenoid. Therefore, it is a natural red pigment found in certain plants. Insoluble in water, this antioxidant is transported in blood lipids to accumulate in certain organs.

Beta-carotene, or provitamin A, is an orange-colored pigment primarily found in red or orange-colored fruits and vegetables. Green vegetables also contain it (its color masked by chlorophyll).

Lutein (E161b) is a natural pigment belonging to the carotenoid family, which are organic compounds found in many fruits, vegetables, and other plants.