Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.

Sorbitol is a natural polyol with a sweetness level approximately half that of sucrose. Unlike monosaccharides, its structure does not contain any ketone or aldehyde functions. It is primarily used as a bulk sweetener to replace sucrose.

Cyclamate (or sodium cyclamate) is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1937 at the University of Illinois by a student named Michael Sveda.

Cyclamate is also known under the number E952.

Acésulfame K is 150-200 times sweeter than sugar. Acésulfame K is a very stable crystalline sweetener, with a chemical structure similar to saccharin. Acésulfame K is commonly used in combination with aspartame or other sweeteners because it has a synergistic effect to enhance and maintain the sweet taste of foods and beverages.

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1965. It is a dipeptide composed of two natural amino acids, L-aspartic acid, and L-phenylalanine, the latter in the form of a methyl ester.

Fumaric acid, or trans-butenedioic acid, is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula HOOC–CH=CH–COOH. It appears as a crystalline white powder that is odorless, combustible but weakly flammable, and slightly soluble in water.

Azorubine or carmoisine is a red food dye identified by the number E122. This nitrogenous compound is a disodium salt of hydroxy-1-2 naphthalenesulfonic-4 acid.

L-carnitine is a compound that contains a quaternary ammonium function, and it is biosynthesized from lysine and methionine. This molecule plays a role within the cell in transporting fatty acids from the cytosol to the mitochondria during the catabolism of lipids in energy metabolism.

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is an intense artificial sweetener (E959) with a high sweetness level (1,500-1,800 times the molar sweetness of sucrose).

Food additive E151, also known as Brilliant Black BN, is a black food coloring.

Vitamin E, often marketed under the name "Vitamin E 50," is a fat-soluble antioxidant essential for the human body. This specific form of vitamin E, with a concentration of 50%, is commonly used in various applications, including food, cosmetics, and health products.

Brown FK, or E154, is a blend of six synthetic azo dyes derived from naphthalene. 

Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is a water-soluble vitamin that is part of the B-complex. It plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism by helping to convert carbohydrates into usable energy. Thiamine is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, muscles, and heart.

Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is an essential water-soluble vitamin that is part of the B complex. This vitamin is crucial for numerous metabolic reactions within the human body.