Microcrystalline Cellulose is a term used to refer to refined wood pulp and is used as a texture agent, anti-caking agent, fat substitute, emulsifier, extender, and filler in food production.

Gum arabic is extracted from the acacia tree, primarily cultivated in Africa, the Middle East, and certain parts of Asia.
Its main function is to act as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier in foods and beverages. It is used to enhance the texture and viscosity of products.

Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide obtained from the action of a bacterium, Xanthomonas campestris. It is soluble in cold water and is used as a food additive under the code E415 for its thickening and gelling properties to modify the consistency of food.

Starch is a complex carbohydrate (sugar) composed of chains of D-glucose molecules (simple sugar). It is a reserve molecule for higher plants and a common element in human diet.

Composed of 40% sugars, 35% starch, 7% proteins, and, to a lesser extent, tannins and minerals such as calcium and magnesium.

Carob gum is a food additive identified with the code E410 in the international classification of food additives.

E412, also known as guar gum, is a naturally-derived food additive widely used in the food industry.

E417, also known as tara gum, is a natural food additive extracted from the seeds of the tara tree (Caesalpiniae Spinoza), a tree native to Peru.

E466, also known as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, is a food additive used in the food industry, pharmaceuticals and other applications.