Carboxymethylcellulose or CMC is a gel of synthetic origin. It is a highly hygroscopic cellulose ether. It is often used in the form of its sodium salt, sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide obtained from the action of a bacterium, Xanthomonas campestris. It is soluble in cold water and is used as a food additive under the code E415 for its thickening and gelling properties to modify the consistency of food.

Commercial pectin (often used to thicken jams and jellies) is extracted from dried apple pomace or dried peels of various fruits. This additive is used as a gelling agent, stabilizer, and coating agent.

Adipic Acid is naturally found in rhubarb and beets. It can also be produced synthetically for industrial use. It is a relatively mild acidifier, permitted in a very limited range of products.

Composed of 40% sugars, 35% starch, 7% proteins, and, to a lesser extent, tannins and minerals such as calcium and magnesium.

Calcium carbonate is composed of carbonate ions and calcium ions. This white substance has a molar mass of 100.1 g/mol. Calcium carbonate is the major compound found in limestones like chalk, but also in marble.

Ascorbic Acid, or oxo-3-gulofuranolactone, is an organic acid with antioxidant properties. It is present in an enantiomerically pure form in lemons, fruit juices, and fresh vegetables.

Magnesium stearate is a magnesium salt of stearic acid, a fatty acid naturally present in many foods of animal and plant origin.

Carob gum is a food additive identified with the code E410 in the international classification of food additives.

Vanilla is a spice derived from the fruit of certain tropical, vining orchids of Mesoamerican origin, primarily of the species Vanilla planifolia. It comes in the form of shiny black sticks, commonly known as "vanilla pods."

Gluconic acid is a widely distributed acid found in both animals and plants. It is most often incorporated into a larger molecule, as is the case in various gums.

Potassium tartrate is the potassium salt of tartaric acid, a natural substance found in grapes.

Sodium alginate or sodium polymannuronate, is a food additive, used in drinks, consisting of alginate and sodium.

Disodium Calcium appears as a white crystalline powder that is odorless, slightly soluble in water, and inflammable at high temperatures. This compound is stable and widely used in various industrial and food sectors.

Glucose syrup is a widely used ingredient in the food industry. It can be obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis of starch, with a DE (Dextrose Equivalent) higher than 20.

Sulfuric acid, formerly known as oil of vitriol or fuming sulfuric acid, is a mineral acid whose strength is surpassed by only a few superacids. It is miscible with water in all proportions.